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1 Textile Workers' Union of America
Abbreviation: TWUAУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Textile Workers' Union of America
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2 Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union
Abbreviation: ACTWUУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union
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3 United Textile Workers of America
Abbreviation: UTWAУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > United Textile Workers of America
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4 textile
textile [tεkstil]masculine nouna. ( = matière) textileb. le textile ( = industrie) the textile industry* * *tɛkstil
1.
adjectif textilefibres textiles — fibres [BrE]
matières textiles végétales — plant fibres [BrE]
2.
nom masculin1) ( secteur industriel) textile industry2) ( avant tissage) fibre [BrE]; ( tissu) textiletextiles artificiels/synthétiques — artificial/synthetic fibres [BrE]
* * *tɛkstil1. adjtextile modif2. nm1) (= matériau) textile2) (= industrie) textile industry* * *A adj1 [industrie, société, commerce] textile; le secteur textile the textile industry;3 ( en étoffe) les articles textiles textiles.B nm1 ( secteur industriel) textile industry; le secteur du textile the textile industry; les ouvriers du textile textile workers;2 ( avant tissage) fibreGB; ( tissu) textile; textiles artificiels/synthétiques artificial/synthetic fibresGB.[tɛkstil] adjectiffibre/verre textile textile fibre/glass————————[tɛkstil] nom masculinles textiles synthétiques synthetic ou man-made fibres2. [industrie]le textile, les textiles the textile industry -
5 International Textile and Garment Workers Federation
Abbreviation: ITGWFУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > International Textile and Garment Workers Federation
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6 tekstilne radnice
• textile workers -
7 рабочие-текстильщики, объединённые в профсоюз
Textile: amalgamated textile workersУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > рабочие-текстильщики, объединённые в профсоюз
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8 tessile
1. adj textile2. tessili m pl textiles* * *tessile agg. textile: fibre tessili, textile fibres; industria tessile, textile industry; prodotti tessili, textiles◆ s.m.1 ( lavoratore) textile worker: sindacato dei tessili, textile workers' union; sciopero dei tessili, strike in the textile trade2 ( materiale) textiles (pl.): fabbrica di tessili, textile factory; mercato dei tessili, textile market; negozio di tessili, draper's (shop).* * *['tɛssile]1. agg2. sm/f* * *['tɛssile] 1.aggettivo [industria, commercio] weaving, textile attrib.; [fibre, settore, operaio] textile attrib.2.sostantivo maschile (settore industriale) textile sector3.sostantivo maschile e sostantivo femminile (operaio) textile worker, mill worker4.* * *tessile/'tεssile/[industria, commercio] weaving, textile attrib.; [fibre, settore, operaio] textile attrib.(settore industriale) textile sector; lavorare nel tessile to work in textilesIII m. e f.(operaio) textile worker, mill workerIV tessili m.pl.(prodotti tessili) textiles, soft goods. -
9 Salt, Sir Titus
[br]b. 20 September 1803 Morley, Yorkshire, Englandd. 29 December 1876 Saltaire, Yorkshire, England[br]English industrialist, social reformer and entrepreneur who made his fortune by overcoming the problems of utilizing alpaca wool in the production of worsted, and established the early model town at Saltaire.[br]Titus Salt arrived in Bradford with his father, who was a wool merchant in the town, in 1822. He soon set up his own company and it was there that he experimented with the textile worsted. Alpaca wool comes from an animal of the camel family that resembles the llama, and flocks of domesticated breeds of the animal had been raised in the high Andes since the days of the Incas. The wool was introduced into Europe via Spain and, later, Germany and France. The first attempts to spin and weave the yarn in England were made in 1808, but despite experimentation over the years the material was difficult to work. It was in 1836 that Salt evolved his method of utilizing a cotton warp with part alpaca weft. The method proved a great success and Bradford gained a reputation as a manufacturing centre for alpaca wool, exporting both yarn and cloth in quantity, especially to the USA. By 1850 Salt, who owned six mills, was Bradford's biggest employer and was certainly its richest citizen. He decided to move out of the city and built a new mill works, the architects of which were Lockwood and Mawson, on the banks of the River Aire a few miles from the city. Around the works, between 1851 and 1871, he built houses, a hospital, library, church, institute and almshouses for his workers. The buildings were solid, good-standard structures of local stone and the houses were pleasantly situated, with their amenities making them seem palaces compared to the slums in which other Bradford textile workers lived at the time. The collection of buildings was the first example in Britain of a "model new town", and was, indeed still is, a remarkable prototype of its kind. Apart from being a philanthropist and social reformer, Salt was also concerned with taking advantage of the technical developments of his time. His mill works, which eventually covered ten acres of land, was of fashionably Italianate architectural style (its chimney even a copy of the campanile of the Church of Santa Maria Gloriosa in Venice), although its structure was of iron framing. The weaving shed held 1,200 looms and had capacity for 3,000 workers, who produced 30,000 yards of cloth per day. Water from the river was used to produce steam to power the matchinery used in the manufacturing processes of scouring, dyeing and finishing. For the export of goods, the nearby Leeds-Liverpool Canal linked the works to Britain's chief ports, and the Midland Railway (an extension of the LeedsBradford line which opened in 1846) was of great use for the same purpose.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCreated Baronet 1869.Further ReadingDictionary of National Biography.Visitors Guide to Salt aire, Bradford City Council.DY -
10 operaio
(pl -ai) 1. adj working2. m, operaia f workeroperaio specializzato skilled worker* * *operaio agg.1 ( che lavora) worker (attr.): prete operaio, worker priest; ape operaia, worker-bee; formica operaia, worker ant2 ( di operai) working, workers' (attr.): classe operaia, working-class; movimento operaio, workers' movement; lotte operaie, labour conflicts (o struggles); le maestranze operaie, workers (o hands)◆ s.m.1 worker, workman*; hand: operaio a cottimo, pieceworker; operaio a ore, time-worker; operaio a orario ridotto, part-time worker; operaio a giornata, day labourer; operaio finito, qualificato, specializzato, skilled worker; operaio non specializzato, unskilled worker; operaio di fabbrica, factory worker; operai dell'industria, industrial workers; operai tessili, textile workers; operaio metallurgico, metalworker; operaio disoccupato, unemployed worker // (mecc.): operaio addetto alla punzonatrice, piercer; operaio montatore, fitter; operaio tornitore, turner (o lathe worker)* * *[ope'rajo] operaio -aia, -ai, -aie1. agg1) (movimento, partito) workers' attr, (prete) worker attr2) (Zool : ape, formica) worker attr2. smworker, workman3. sf* * *1.1) pol. sociol. [movimento, partito] working class, labour BE, labor AE; [famiglia, quartiere] working class; [ contestazione] of the workers2.classe -a — working class, labour
sostantivo maschile (f. -a) worker, labourer BE, laborer AE, handoperaio specializzato — skilled o trained o qualified worker
* * *operaiopl. -ai, - aie /ope'rajo, ai, aje/ ⇒ 181 pol. sociol. [movimento, partito] working class, labour BE, labor AE; [famiglia, quartiere] working class; [ contestazione] of the workers; classe -a working class, labour; prete operaio worker- priest( f. -a) worker, labourer BE, laborer AE, hand; operaio specializzato skilled o trained o qualified worker. -
11 Slater, Samuel
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 9 June 1768 Belper, Derbyshire, Englandd. 21 April 1835 USA[br]Anglo-American manufacturer who established the first American mill to use Arkwright's spinning system.[br]Samuel's father, William, was a respected independent farmer who died when his son was aged 14; the young Slater was apprenticed to his father's friend, Jedediah Strutt for six and a half years at the beginning of 1783. He showed mathematical ability and quickly acquainted himself thoroughly with cotton-spinning machinery made by Arkwright, Hargreaves and Crompton. After completing his apprenticeship, he remained for a time with the Strutts to act as Supervisor for a new mill.At that time it was forbidden to export any textile machinery or even drawings or data from England. The emigration of textile workers was forbidden too, but in September 1789 Slater left for the United States in disguise, having committed the details of the construction of the cotton-spinning machinery to memory. He reached New York and was employed by the New York Manufacturing Company.In January 1790 he met Moses Brown in Providence, Rhode Island, and on 5 April 1790 he signed a contract to construct Arkwright's spinning machinery for Almy \& Brown. It took Slater more than a year to get the machinery operational because of the lack of skilled mechanics and tools, but by 1793 the mill was running under the name of Almy, Brown \& Slater. In October 1791 Slater had married Hannah Wilkinson, and in 1798 he set up his own mill in partnership with his father-in-law, Orziel Wilkinson. This mill was built in Pawtucket, near the first mill, but other mills soon followed in Smithville, Rhode Island, and elsewhere. Slater was the Incorporator, and for the first fifteen years was also President of the Manufacturer's Bank in Pawtucket. It was in his business role and as New England's first industrial capitalist that Slater made his most important contributions to the emergence of the American textile industry.[br]Further ReadingG.S.White, 1836, Memoirs of Samuel Philadelphia (theearliestaccountofhislife). Dictionary of American Biography, Vol. XVII. Scientific American 63. P.E.Rivard, 1974, Samuel Slater, Father of American Manufactures, Slater Mill. D.J.Jeremy, 1981, Transatlantic Industrial Revolution. The Diffusion of TextileTechnologies Between Britain and America, 1790–1830s, Oxford (covers Slater's activities in the USA very fully).RLH -
12 Объединённые рабочие текстильной промышленности Америки
General subject: United Textile Workers of America (профсоюз)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Объединённые рабочие текстильной промышленности Америки
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13 Объединённый профсоюз рабочих швейной и текстильной промышленности
General subject: Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union (США)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Объединённый профсоюз рабочих швейной и текстильной промышленности
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14 Союз рабочих текстильной промышленности Америки
General subject: Textile Workers' Union of AmericaУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Союз рабочих текстильной промышленности Америки
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15 работники производств текстильных изделий из хризотиласбеста
Makarov: chrysotile asbestos textile workersУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > работники производств текстильных изделий из хризотиласбеста
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16 респираторная заболеваемость у рабочих текстильной фабрики
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > респираторная заболеваемость у рабочих текстильной фабрики
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17 Dale, David
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 6 January 1739 Stewarton, Ayrshire, Scotlandd. 17 March 1806 Glasgow, Scotland[br]Scottish developer of a large textile business in find around Glasgow, including the cotton-spinning mills at New Lanark.[br]David Dale, the son of a grocer, began his working life by herding cattle. His connection with the textile industry started when he was apprenticed to a Paisley weaver. After this he travelled the country buying home-spun linen yarns, which he sold in Glasgow. At about the age of 24 he settled in Glasgow as Clerk to a silk merchant. He then started a business importing fine yarns from France and Holland for weaving good-quality cloths such as cambrics. Dale was to become one of the pre-eminent yarn dealers in Scotland. In 1778 he acquired the first cotton-spinning mill built in Scotland by an English company at Rothesay on the Isle of Bute. In 1784 he met Richard Arkwright, who was touring Scotland, and together they visited the Falls of the Clyde near the town of Lanark. Arkwright immediately recognized the potential of the site for driving water-powered mills. Dale acquired part of the area from Lord Braxfield and in 1785 began to build his first mill there in partnership with Arkwright. The association with Arkwright soon ceased, however, and by c.1795 Dale had erected four mills. Because the location of the mills was remote, he built houses for the workers and then employed pauper children brought from the slums of Edinburgh and Glasgow; at one time there were over 400 of them. Dale's attitude to his workers was benevolent and humane. He tried to provide reasonable working conditions and the mills were well designed with a large workshop in which machinery was constructed. Dale was also a partner in mills at Catrine, Newton Stewart, Spinningdale in Sutherlandshire and some others. In 1785 he established the first Turkey red dye works in Scotland and was in partnership with George Macintosh, the father of Charles Macintosh. Dale manufactured cloth in Glasgow and from 1783 was Agent for the Royal Bank of Scotland, a lucrative position. In 1799 he was persuaded by Robert Owen to sell the New Lanark mills for £60,000 to a Manchester partnership which made Owen the Manager. Owen had married Dale's daughter, Anne Caroline, in 1799. Possibly due in part to poor health, Dale retired in 1800 to Rosebank near Glasgow, having made a large fortune. In 1770 he had withdrawn from the established Church of Scotland and founded a new one called the "Old Independents". He visited the various branches of this Church, as well as convicts in Bridewell prison, to preach. He was also a great benefactor to the poor in Glasgow. He had a taste for music and sang old Scottish songs with great gusto.[br]Further ReadingDictionary of National Biography.R.Owen, 1857, The Life of Robert Owen, written by himself, London (mentions Dale).Through his association with New Lanark and Robert Owen, details about Dale may be found in J.Butt (ed.), 1971, Robert Owen, Prince of Cotton Spinners, Newton Abbot; S.Pollard and J.Salt (eds), 1971, Robert Owen, Prophet of the Poor: essays in honour of the two-hundredth anniversary of his birth, London.RLH -
18 Fairbairn, Sir Peter
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. September 1799 Kelso, Roxburghshire, Scotlandd. 4 January 1861 Leeds, Yorkshire, England[br]British inventor of the revolving tube between drafting rollers to give false twist.[br]Born of Scottish parents, Fairbairn was apprenticed at the age of 14 to John Casson, a mill-wright and engineer at the Percy Main Colliery, Newcastle upon Tyne, and remained there until 1821 when he went to work for his brother William in Manchester. After going to various other places, including Messrs Rennie in London and on the European continent, he eventually moved in 1829 to Leeds where Marshall helped him set up the Wellington Foundry and so laid the foundations for the colossal establishment which was to employ over one thousand workers. To begin with he devoted his attention to improving wool-weaving machinery, substituting iron for wood in the construction of the textile machines. He also worked on machinery for flax, incorporating many of Philippe de Girard's ideas. He assisted Henry Houldsworth in the application of the differential to roving frames, and it was to these machines that he added his own inventions. The longer fibres of wool and flax need to have some form of support and control between the rollers when they are being drawn out, and inserting a little twist helps. However, if the roving is too tightly twisted before passing through the first pair of rollers, it cannot be drawn out, while if there is insufficient twist, the fibres do not receive enough support in the drafting zone. One solution is to twist the fibres together while they are actually in the drafting zone between the rollers. In 1834, Fairbairn patented an arrangement consisting of a revolving tube placed between the drawing rollers. The tube inserted a "middle" or "false" twist in the material. As stated in the specification, it was "a well-known contrivance… for twisting and untwisting any roving passing through it". It had been used earlier in 1822 by J. Goulding of the USA and a similar idea had been developed by C.Danforth in America and patented in Britain in 1825 by J.C. Dyer. Fairbairn's machine, however, was said to make a very superior article. He was also involved with waste-silk spinning and rope-yarn machinery.Fairbairn later began constructing machine tools, and at the beginning of the Crimean War was asked by the Government to make special tools for the manufacture of armaments. He supplied some of these, such as cannon rifling machines, to the arsenals at Woolwich and Enfield. He then made a considerable number of tools for the manufacture of the Armstrong gun. He was involved in the life of his adopted city and was elected to Leeds town council in 1832 for ten years. He was elected an alderman in 1854 and was Mayor of Leeds from 1857 to 1859, when he was knighted by Queen Victoria at the opening of the new town hall. He was twice married, first to Margaret Kennedy and then to Rachel Anne Brindling.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1858.Bibliography1834, British patent no. 6,741 (revolving tube between drafting rollers to give false twist).Further ReadingDictionary of National Biography.Obituary, 1861, Engineer 11.W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London (provides a brief account of Fairbairn's revolving tube).C.Singer (ed.), 1958, A History of Technology, Vols IV and V, Oxford: Clarendon Press (provides details of Fairbairn's silk-dressing machine and a picture of a large planing machine built by him).RLH -
19 МФТШП
General subject: International Textile and Garment Workers Federation -
20 Международная федерация рабочих текстильной и швейной промышленности
General subject: International Textile and Garment Workers FederationУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Международная федерация рабочих текстильной и швейной промышленности
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